欧交易所交易操作(股市交易是怎样运作的)

股市大事件！美国股市近期剧烈震荡，短短两周内纽约股市经历了四次熔断。“股神”沃伦·巴菲特直言自己活了89岁也未曾见过这样的场面。想知道美股为何会遭遇如此动荡吗？让我们先来弄懂股市交易运作的原理。

What is the Stock Exchange and how does it work?

什么是股票交易，它又是怎么操作的呢？

The Stock Exchange is nothing more than a giant globally network tend to organize the market place where every day huge sums of money are moved back and forth.

简单来说证券交易所就是一个巨大的全球网络富有组织性， 每天在这个平台上都有巨额资金流动。

In total over sixty trillion (60,000,000,000,000) Euros a year are traded.

一年总计六十多万亿（60,000,000,000,000）欧元的交易。

More than the value of all goods and services of the entire world economy.

这比全球经济里所有的商品和服务价值的总和还要多。

However, it's not apples or second hand toothbrushes that are traded on this marketplace.

然而在这个平台上交易的并不是苹果或者二手牙刷。

But predominantly securities.

而是证券。

Securities are rights to assets, mostly in the form of shares.

证券是经济权益的凭证， 主要体现为股票的形势。

A share stands for a share in a company.

某某股票就代表某某企业的股份。

But why are shares traded at all?

但为何要交易股票呢？

Well, first and foremost the value of a share relates to the company behind it.

第一，股票的价值与企业的经营能力相关。

If you think the value of a company in terms of a pizza.

你可以把一家企业的经营能力看做是一份披萨。

The bigger the overal size of the pizza, the bigger every piece is.

披萨的总面积越大，那么每一片的面积也就越大。

If for example Facebook is able to greatly increase its profits with a new buisness model.

假如Facebook通过一种新的商业模式大大增加了利润收益。

The size of the companies pizza will also increase, and as a result so will the value of its shares.

那么整个企业的价值就增加了，从而股票上涨。

This is of course great for the share holders.

这对所有的股东都是好消息。

A share which perhaps used to be worth 38 euros could now be worth a whole 50 euros.

A股过去每股38欧，现在也许上涨到50欧。

When it's sold this represents a profit of twelve euro per share!

如果当它卖掉，就能每股盈利12欧！

But what does Facebook gain from this?

但这对Facebook有什么好处？

The company can raise funds by selling the shares and invest or expand it's buisness.

本公司可通过出售股份筹集资金以进行投资或扩大业务。

Facebook, for example, has earned sixteen billion dollars from it's listing on the Stock Exchange.

例如Facebook，自上市以来已获利160亿美元。

The trading of shares though, is frequently a game of chance.

不过股票交易通常也是一种概率游戏。

No one can say which company will preform well and which will not.

没人可以百分之百预测一家企业的未来业绩。

If a company has a good reputation, investors will back it.

如果一家企业有良好的口碑， 自会有投资者支持它。

A company with a poor reputation or poor performance will have difficulty selling its shares.

但如果一家企业信誉或业绩较差， 它则将难以出售其股份。

Unlike a normal market in which goods can be touched and taken home, on the Stock Exchange only virtual goods are available.

和普通市场里的商品不一样， 没人可以实际摸到股票并带回家，在交易所里只有虚拟商品。

They apear in the form of share prices and tables on monitors.

他们以股价的形式出现在屏幕上。

Such shareprices can rise or fall within seconds.

而股价可以骤然变化。

Shareholders therefore have to act quickly in order not to miss an opportunity.

因此，股东必须迅速采取行动以免错失良机。

Even a simple rumor can result in the demand for a share falling fast regardless of the real value of the company.

不管一家公司的价值到底如何，即使是一个简单的传闻，就可能导致对其股票的需求骤跌。

Of course the opposite is also possible.

相反也是可能的。

If a particularly large number of people buy weak shares.

如果许多人去买一家业绩平平的企业的股票。

Because if they see for example great potential behind an idea, their value will rise as a result.

原因是他们看到其背后的巨大潜力，那么这家企业的股票就会上涨。

In particular young companies can benefit from this.

这对新上市的公司来说尤为有效。

Even though their sales might be falling, they can generate cash by placing their shares.

尽管销售额可能会下降， 他们可以选择把股票变现。

In the best case scenario this will result in their idea being turned into reality.

在最好的情况下，这可以助力将 他们的发展潜力变为现实。

In the worst case scenario, this will result in a speculative bubble with nothing more than hot air.

而在最坏的情况下，这将导致投机泡沫。

And as the case with bubbles, at some point, they will burst.

在某一天，泡沫就会破裂。

The value of Germany's biggest thirty companies is summarized in what is known as the DAX share index.

德国最大30家公司的价值是通过DAX股票指数总结的。

The DAX shows how well or poorly these major companies and thereby the economy as a whole are performing at the present time.

DAX指数可指出这些公司的发展状态以及整个国家经济的现状。

Stock Exchange is in other countries also have there own indices.

其他国家的交易所也有自己的衡量指数。

And all of these markets together create a globally networked marketplace.

而所有这些平台结合在一起，就创建了一个全球联网的市场。